Wireless microphones are an essential tool for performers, public speakers, and other professionals who require freedom of movement while using a microphone.
Even though it’s not a prevalent issue, you should know that there are illegal wireless microphone frequencies and they should be avoided. It is important to understand the regulations surrounding wireless microphone frequencies to avoid any legal issues.
For this article, I wanted to go over the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulations on the use of wireless microphones in the United States and the frequency bands they do and DO NOT allow to be used.
Key Takeaways
- Not all wireless microphone frequencies are legal to use, and using illegal frequencies can result in penalties and fines.
- The FCC regulates the use of wireless microphones in the United States and has designated certain frequency bands for wireless microphone use.
- The recent transition of the 600 MHz band has impacted wireless microphone users and manufacturers.
Table of Contents
Understanding Wireless Microphone Frequencies
Wireless microphones are used in a variety of settings, from live performances to conferences and events. These microphones transmit audio on radio frequencies, which are regulated by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC).
It is important to understand which frequencies are legal to use and which are not, to avoid any potential legal issues.
The FCC has set aside certain frequency bands for wireless microphone use, including frequencies outside of the TV bands.
However, certain frequencies in the 600 MHz band are no longer legal for use due to the FCC’s repurposing of that spectrum for other purposes. It is important to check with the manufacturer of your wireless microphone system to ensure that it is legal to use in the United States.
Shure, a leading manufacturer of wireless microphone systems, identifies each frequency band with a letter and number, such as G50 or J53. Shure provides a chart to help customers determine if their wireless microphone system is legal to use in the United States.
In addition to the frequency bands designated for wireless microphone use, unlicensed use is permitted on certain bands such as the 902-928 MHz band and portions of the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands, under specified power levels and rules for operation for each of those bands.
The use of illegal frequencies can result in interference with other wireless devices, as well as potential fines and legal consequences.
Legal and Illegal Wireless Microphone Frequencies
Wireless microphones are used in various settings, including concerts, conferences, and sporting events. However, not all frequencies are legal for use. It is important to understand what frequencies are legal and illegal to avoid any legal issues.
In the United States, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulates wireless microphone frequencies. Unlicensed wireless microphone operations are permitted in several bands outside of the TV bands, including the 902-928 MHz band, the 1920-1930 MHz band, and portions of the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands. Licensed wireless microphones operate on a licensed basis and are subject to specific frequency assignments.
Wireless microphones cannot use the 600 MHz band, with a few exceptions. Those exceptions permit some people to use wireless microphones on select frequencies and if it’s secondary use.
The manufacture, import, sale, lease, offer for sale or lease, or shipment of wireless microphones or similar devices intended for use in the United States that operate on the 600 MHz service band frequencies (617-652 MHz and 663-698 MHz) is now prohibited.
In Canada, the use of wireless microphones is regulated by Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada (ISED). Unlicensed wireless microphones can operate in several frequency bands, including the 902-928 MHz band and portions of the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands. Licensed wireless microphones operate on a licensed basis and are subject to specific frequency assignments.
It is essential to check with the relevant authorities before using wireless microphones to ensure that you are using legal frequencies. Failure to comply with the regulations can result in legal consequences.
| Country | UHF Frequency Range for Wireless Microphones | Official Regulatory Entity |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 470-698 MHz, 900 MHz, 1.4 GHz, and 2.4 GHz | Federal Communications Commission |
| Canada | 470-608 MHz, 614-698 MHz, and 941.5-952 MHz | Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada |
| Great Britain | 470-790 MHz (Note: Check for changes post-700 MHz clearance) | Ofcom |
| Italy | 470-694 MHz | Ministry of Economic Development |
| Germany | 470-790 MHz | Bundesnetzagentur |
| France | 470-694 MHz (Note: Check for changes post-700 MHz clearance) | Agence Nationale des Fréqu |
The 600 MHz Band Transition
The 600 MHz band transition refers to the process of reallocating certain frequencies in the 600 MHz band from wireless microphone use to wireless broadband services. This transition was initiated by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in order to meet the growing demand for wireless broadband services and to promote the efficient use of spectrum.
During the transition period, certain frequencies in the 600 MHz band were auctioned off to wireless broadband providers.
However, some frequencies in the TV bands that had been available for wireless microphone use prior to the auction will continue to be available after the transition period.
These include VHF and UHF frequencies on TV channels 2-36, which fall below 608 MHz, and certain frequencies in the 600 MHz guard band: 614-616 MHz.
Wireless microphones operating in the 600 MHz band are now illegal and must be replaced as soon as possible. This is because the frequencies in this band are now being used for wireless broadband services, and using wireless microphones in this band can cause harmful interference to these services.
To ensure that your wireless microphone system is compliant with the new regulations, it is recommended that you consult with a professional audio equipment dealer or installer. They can help you identify which frequencies are legal to use and provide guidance on how to replace your existing equipment.
Impact on Microphone Users
The new regulations on wireless microphone frequencies have had a significant impact on microphone users. Churches, in particular, have been affected as they often rely on wireless microphones for their services.
Microphone users need to be aware of the frequencies that are no longer legal to use. The 600 MHz band, for example, has been repurposed and is no longer available for wireless microphone use. The 700 MHz band has also been made illegal to use since 2010.
It is important for microphone users to stop using these frequencies to avoid any legal issues. Failure to comply with the new regulations can result in fines or even jail time.
However, there are still many frequencies available for wireless microphone use. Unlicensed wireless microphone use is permitted on the 902-928 MHz band, the 1920-1930 MHz, and on portions of the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands under specified power levels and rules for operation for each of those bands.
In addition, licensed use of certain frequencies in the 600 MHz guard band, or 614-616 MHz, and certain frequencies in the 600 MHz duplex gap, or 653-657 MHz, is still allowed.
Manufacturer Responses
When it comes to wireless microphone frequencies, manufacturers have been responsive to the changes in regulations and have provided guidance to their customers. Here are some of the responses from popular manufacturers:
Shure
Shure has been proactive in addressing the changes in regulations. They have provided a chart to help customers determine if their wireless microphone system is legal to use in the United States. The chart only applies to US-based customers and lists the frequency bands that are acceptable. If a frequency band is not listed, it was not sold in the United States and may not be legal to use.
Audio-Technica
Audio-Technica has also been responsive to the changes in regulations. They have provided information on their website about the FCC’s decision to auction off the 600 MHz band. They have also provided a list of products that are affected by the changes and have offered rebates for customers who need to replace their equipment.
Sennheiser
Sennheiser has provided a list of products that are affected by the changes in regulations. They have also provided information on how to check if your wireless microphone system is legal to use in the United States. Sennheiser has also offered rebates for customers who need to replace their equipment.
Manufacturers
Manufacturers of wireless microphone systems have been working to develop new products that comply with the new regulations. Many manufacturers have already released products that operate in the legal frequency bands. Some manufacturers have also offered rebates for customers who need to replace their equipment.
Rebates
Many manufacturers have offered rebates for customers who need to replace their equipment. These rebates can help offset the cost of purchasing new equipment that operates in the legal frequency bands. Customers should check with their manufacturer to see if they are eligible for a rebate.
Compliance and Penalties
It is important to comply with the regulations set forth by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regarding the use of wireless microphone frequencies. Failure to do so can result in fines and penalties.
To ensure compliance, it is recommended that users check the FCC’s website for the latest regulations and guidelines. It is also important to regularly check for updates, as regulations may change over time.
If a user is found to be in violation of FCC regulations, fines and penalties may be imposed. The amount of the fine will depend on the severity of the violation, with more serious violations resulting in higher fines.
In addition to fines, users may also be required to cease using their wireless microphone equipment until it is brought into compliance with FCC regulations. This can result in significant disruptions to events and performances, so it is important to ensure compliance before using wireless microphone equipment.
Technical Aspects of Wireless Microphones
Wireless microphones are widely used in various audio solutions, from live performances to conference rooms. They operate by transmitting audio signals wirelessly from a microphone to a receiver, which is then connected to a sound system or recording device.
However, there are technical aspects to consider when using wireless microphones, especially when it comes to frequency regulations.
Wireless microphones operate in different frequency bands, including VHF (very high frequency) and UHF (ultra-high frequency).
The frequency band determines the bandwidth available for transmitting audio signals. VHF microphones typically operate in the 49 MHz to 216 MHz range, while UHF microphones operate in the 470 MHz to 960 MHz range.
The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulates the use of wireless microphones to prevent interference with other wireless devices.
Unlicensed wireless microphone use is permitted on the 902-928 MHz band, the 1920-1930 MHz, and on portions of the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands under specified power levels and rules for operation for each of those bands.
Wireless microphone systems consist of two main components: the transmitter and the receiver.
- The transmitter is usually built into the microphone and converts the audio signal into a radio frequency signal, which is then transmitted wirelessly to the receiver.
- The receiver then converts the radio frequency signal back into an audio signal, which can be connected to a sound system or recording device.
The design of wireless microphones also plays a role in their performance. Some wireless microphones use Bluetooth technology, which allows for wireless communication between the microphone and other devices. However, Bluetooth technology has limited range and may not be suitable for all applications.
Specific Microphone Models and Frequencies
Certain wireless microphone models and frequencies have been deemed illegal due to interference with other wireless services. Here are some of the affected models and frequencies:
- PG and BLX series: These models operate in the 600 MHz band, which is now reserved for wireless services and public safety use. As a result, these models are no longer legal to use.
- PGX, SLX, and ULX series: These models operate in the 700 MHz band, which was also repurposed for wireless services. As a result, these models are no longer legal to use.
- 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 16, 36, 38, 40, 44, 48, 52, 56, 60, 100, 120, 128, and 136 frequencies: These frequencies were previously available for wireless microphone use but have since been repurposed for other wireless services. It is now illegal to use wireless microphones that operate in these frequencies.
It is important to note that the above information applies to US-based customers. If you are located outside of the US, it is important to check with your local regulations to determine which frequencies are legal to use.
If you own any of the affected models or frequencies, it is recommended that you cease operation immediately to avoid interference with other wireless services.
Guard Bands and Duplex Gaps
Wireless microphone users must be aware of the frequencies in the 600 MHz guard band and duplex gap. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has set aside certain frequencies in these bands for licensed and unlicensed use.
The 600 MHz guard band includes frequencies ranging from 614-616 MHz. Wireless microphone users can use these frequencies for unlicensed use. On the other hand, the 600 MHz duplex gap includes frequencies ranging from 653-657 MHz for licensed use and 657-663 MHz for unlicensed use.
It is important to note that wireless microphone users must rely on the white space database to determine whether their intended operating frequencies are available for unlicensed wireless microphone use. This is especially important when operating in the 600 MHz service band, 600 MHz guard band, or 600 MHz duplex gap.
In addition to these bands, wireless microphone users can also use additional frequencies outside of the TV bands for their operations. However, it is essential to ensure that these frequencies are not being used by other wireless devices in the same location to avoid interference.
| Frequency Range | Use |
|---|---|
| 614-616 MHz | Unlicensed use in 600 MHz guard band |
| 653-657 MHz | Licensed use in 600 MHz duplex gap |
| 657-663 MHz | Unlicensed use in 600 MHz duplex gap |
In-Ear Monitors and Microphones
In-ear monitors (IEMs) and wireless microphones are commonly used in live performances, broadcasting, and other applications where mobility and freedom of movement are important. They operate on specific frequency bands, and it is important to ensure that they are legal to use in your location to avoid any legal issues.
Modern IEMs and wireless microphones can be adjusted to many frequencies within a specific range. Shure identifies each range as a frequency band with a letter and number, like G50 or J53.
As of July 2020, wireless microphones (and personal monitors) operating in the UHF TV band in the US are no longer permitted to operate above 608 MHz, with the exception of a couple of narrow slices of spectrum where operation at reduced power is allowed. Similar changes are occurring in other countries.
It is important to note that anyone selling or leasing a wireless microphone or other device designed to operate in the 617-652 MHz and 663-698 MHz frequencies must provide the following disclosure to consumers: “This particular wireless microphone device operates in portions of the 617-652 MHz or 663-698 MHz frequencies.”
If you are using Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, the wireless microphone frequency bands it can work at are either between 915 – 928 MHz, 2.400 – 2.4835 GHz, or 5.725 – 5.875 GHz. However, this change does not necessarily affect all wireless audio equipment, as some of them are already working at a predetermined frequency.
To ensure that your IEMs and wireless microphones are legal to use in your location, refer to the chart provided by Shure, which is designed to help you determine if your Shure Wireless Microphone system is legal to use in the United States. This chart only applies to US-based customers. If a frequency band is not listed here, it was not sold in the United States and may not be legal to use.
Website Resources for Frequency Information
When it comes to finding information about wireless microphone frequencies, there are several websites that can be a great resource. Here are a few websites that provide accurate and up-to-date information:
- Federal Communications Commission (FCC): The FCC is the regulatory agency that oversees wireless communications in the United States. Their website provides detailed information about which frequency bands are legal for wireless microphones, as well as rules and guidelines for operating them. The FCC website is a great resource for anyone looking to stay up-to-date on the latest regulations and requirements.
- Shure USA: Shure is a leading manufacturer of wireless microphones, and their website provides a wealth of information about frequency bands and compatibility. Their wireless frequency chart is a helpful tool for anyone looking to choose the right frequency for their wireless microphone system. Shure’s website is a great resource for anyone looking to purchase or operate a wireless microphone system.
- Sennheiser: Sennheiser is another popular manufacturer of wireless microphones, and their website provides a variety of resources for users. Their frequency finder tool can help users identify which frequency bands are legal in their area, and their frequency comparison chart can help users choose the right frequency for their needs. Sennheiser’s website is a great resource for anyone looking to purchase or operate a wireless microphone system.
- Audio-Technica: Audio-Technica is a well-known manufacturer of audio equipment, including wireless microphones. Their website provides a variety of resources for users, including a frequency coordination tool that can help users select the best frequency for their wireless microphone system. Audio-Technica’s website is a great resource for anyone looking to purchase or operate a wireless microphone system.
Frequently Asked Questions
What wireless microphone frequencies are illegal in the US?
The use of wireless microphones on the 600 MHz band is illegal in the US, with a few exceptions. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has prohibited the use of this frequency band to prevent interference with television broadcast signals.
What frequency is illegal for wireless microphones?
The 600 MHz frequency band is illegal for wireless microphones in the US. However, there are some exceptions that permit the use of wireless microphones on select frequencies, as long as it’s secondary use.
Is 600 MHz band illegal?
Yes, the 600 MHz band is illegal for wireless microphones in the US. The FCC has prohibited the use of this frequency band to prevent interference with television broadcast signals.
What is the illegal frequency?
The 600 MHz frequency band is the illegal frequency for wireless microphones in the US. The FCC has prohibited the use of this frequency band to prevent interference with television broadcast signals.
What wireless microphone frequencies are legal in US?
Unlicensed wireless microphone use is permitted on the 902-928 MHz band, the 1920-1930 MHz, and on portions of the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands under specified power levels and rules for operation for each of those bands. However, it’s important to note that each type of microphone has a different way of converting its energy form.
What frequencies are FCC approved wireless microphones?
The FCC has approved the use of unlicensed wireless microphones on the 902-928 MHz band, the 1920-1930 MHz, and on portions of the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands under specified power levels and rules for operation for each of those bands. However, it’s important to note that each type of microphone has a different way of converting its energy form.