Using a keyboard as a MIDI controller is a popular and cost-effective way to produce music. MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) is a protocol that allows electronic musical instruments, computers, and other equipment to communicate with each other.
MIDI controllers are devices that generate MIDI data to control sound modules, software synthesizers, and other digital audio workstations.
In this article, I will explore the process of using a keyboard as a MIDI controller, the software and hardware requirements, and some advanced MIDI controller techniques.
Key Takeaways
- A keyboard can be used as a MIDI controller with little effort.
- There are software and hardware requirements to consider when using a keyboard as a MIDI controller.
- Advanced MIDI controller techniques can enhance your music production workflow.
Can you use a Keyboard as a MIDI Controller?
Using a music keyboard as a MIDI controller is one of the most common setups for electronic music production and live performances. Here’s how it works:
MIDI Capability
Firstly, it’s important to distinguish between a traditional music keyboard (like a home keyboard or synthesizer) and a MIDI keyboard. A MIDI keyboard is specifically designed to send MIDI signals to a computer or other MIDI-capable device. However, many modern music keyboards (synthesizers, digital pianos, and even some portable keyboards) also have MIDI capabilities, allowing them to function as MIDI controllers.
Connectivity
- MIDI Ports: Older keyboards and synthesizers might have traditional 5-pin DIN MIDI connectors labeled “MIDI IN,” “MIDI OUT,” and sometimes “MIDI THRU.” To connect these to a computer, you’d typically need a MIDI-to-USB interface.
- USB: Many newer keyboards have USB ports that can directly connect to a computer, making the setup process much more straightforward. When connected via USB, the keyboard can often act as a MIDI controller without the need for an additional interface.
Setting Up
- Connection: Connect your music keyboard to your computer using the appropriate cable (either MIDI-to-USB or a direct USB connection).
- Drivers: Depending on the keyboard and your computer’s OS, you might need to install drivers for the keyboard to be recognized. Many modern keyboards and operating systems are “plug-and-play,” meaning they’ll recognize the device automatically.
- DAW Configuration: Open your Digital Audio Workstation (DAW) or MIDI software. You’ll typically need to go into the software’s MIDI settings and select your keyboard as the input device. Once configured, your DAW should recognize MIDI input when you play the keyboard.
Features and Advantages
- Extended Range: Many music keyboards have a larger number of keys than typical MIDI controllers, giving you a wider note range.
- Velocity Sensitivity: Unlike computer keyboards, most music keyboards are velocity-sensitive, allowing for expressive playing based on how hard a key is pressed.
- Integrated Sounds: If your music keyboard is also a synthesizer or digital piano, you can use its built-in sounds in addition to sending MIDI data. This can be beneficial for live performances where you want to blend the sound of the keyboard with software instruments on your computer.
Additional Considerations
- Control Elements: While many music keyboards come with essential controls like pitch bend and modulation wheels, they might lack the array of knobs, sliders, and pads found on dedicated MIDI controllers. This limitation can impact how you control software parameters during live performances or while producing.
- Latency: Depending on your computer, software, and the specific keyboard, there might be a slight delay (latency) between when you press a key and when you hear a sound. Various factors can influence this, but there are often ways to minimize latency through software settings and by using professional audio interfaces.
Table of Contents
Understanding MIDI Controllers
MIDI controllers are devices that allow musicians and producers to input digital information, such as what note was played, how hard it was pressed, and how long it was held, among other things. This digital information is then used to create a sound based on the input received.
MIDI controllers come in different forms, from keyboards to drum pads, faders, and knobs. However, the most common type of MIDI controller is the MIDI keyboard.
The Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) is a protocol that allows electronic musical instruments, computers, and other devices to communicate with each other. It was introduced in the early 1980s and has become a standard in the music industry.
MIDI controllers have MIDI inputs and outputs that allow them to send and receive MIDI messages. The MIDI output sends the digital information to a computer or another device, while the MIDI input receives MIDI messages from a computer or other devices.
MIDI controllers can be used for various purposes, such as recording MIDI sequences, controlling virtual instruments, and modifying software parameters in real-time. They can also be used to control hardware synthesizers and other MIDI-enabled instruments.
MIDI controllers can be connected to a computer or another device via a MIDI interface or a USB cable. Some MIDI controllers also have a MIDI thru port that allows them to pass the MIDI signal through to other devices.
Software and Hardware Requirements
To use a keyboard as a MIDI controller, a few software and hardware requirements must be met.
Firstly, a digital audio workstation (DAW) or MIDI software is needed on the computer. The DAW is responsible for recording, editing, and producing digital audio. Some popular DAWs include Ableton Live, FL Studio, and Logic Pro X. MIDI software, on the other hand, is used to create and edit MIDI data. Examples of MIDI software include Cubase, Pro Tools, and Reason.
Secondly, a MIDI interface is required to connect the keyboard to the computer. The MIDI interface acts as a bridge between the keyboard and the computer, allowing MIDI data to be sent and received. There are two types of MIDI interfaces: USB and 5-pin DIN. USB MIDI interfaces are the most common and connect to the computer via USB. 5-pin DIN MIDI interfaces connect to the computer via a MIDI port and require a MIDI cable.
Thirdly, a sound system is needed to hear the audio output. This can be headphones, speakers, or studio monitors. It is important to note that the quality of the sound system can affect the overall sound quality of the MIDI recordings.
Lastly, a USB to MIDI adapter cable may be necessary if the keyboard does not have a built-in USB MIDI interface. The USB to MIDI adapter cable connects to the keyboard’s MIDI out port and the computer’s USB port.
In terms of hardware requirements, any keyboard or digital piano can be used as a MIDI controller as long as it has MIDI output capabilities. Additionally, the computer used must meet the minimum system requirements for the chosen DAW or MIDI software. These requirements can vary depending on the software and the operating system used (e.g. Windows or Mac).
Types of MIDI Controllers
MIDI controllers come in various shapes and sizes, each with its own set of features and capabilities. Here are some of the most common types of MIDI controllers:
Keyboard Controllers
Keyboard controllers are the most common type of MIDI controller. They come in various sizes, from mini keyboards with just a few octaves to full-sized keyboards with 88 keys. Keyboard controllers are great for playing virtual instruments, as they allow you to play notes and chords just like you would on a traditional piano.
Pad Controllers
Pad controllers are designed for playing drum sounds and triggering samples. They typically have a grid of rubber or plastic pads that you can hit with your fingers or drumsticks. Pad controllers are great for live performances, as they allow you to create beats and loops on the fly.
Knob Controllers
Knob controllers are designed for controlling the parameters of virtual instruments and effects. They typically have a set of knobs that you can turn to adjust things like filter cutoff, resonance, and envelope settings. Knob controllers are great for adding expression and nuance to your performances.
Fader Controllers
Fader controllers are designed for controlling the levels of tracks and effects in your DAW. They typically have a set of faders that you can slide up and down to adjust the volume of individual tracks. Fader controllers are great for mixing and mastering your tracks.
Wind Controllers
Wind controllers are designed for playing wind instrument sounds, such as saxophones and clarinets. They typically have a mouthpiece that you blow into, and they use sensors to detect the pressure and velocity of your breath. Wind controllers are great for adding realistic wind instrument sounds to your tracks.
String Instrument Controllers
String instrument controllers are designed for playing string instrument sounds, such as guitars and violins. They typically have a set of strings that you can pluck or bow, and they use sensors to detect the position and velocity of your fingers. String instrument controllers are great for adding realistic string instrument sounds to your tracks.
Features of a MIDI Keyboard
A MIDI keyboard is a versatile tool that can enhance the music-making process. It can be used to control virtual instruments, record and edit music, and more. Here are some of the features that make a MIDI keyboard an essential tool for music production:
MIDI Output
A MIDI keyboard has a MIDI output that allows it to connect to a computer or other MIDI-enabled devices. This connection allows the keyboard to send and receive MIDI messages, which can be used to control various aspects of music production.
Velocity-Sensitive Keys
Most MIDI keyboards have velocity-sensitive keys, which means that the volume and tone of the notes played can be adjusted based on how hard or soft the keys are pressed. This feature adds a level of expression and nuance to the music.
Drum Pads
Some MIDI keyboards come with drum pads that can be used to trigger drum sounds or other samples. These pads are often pressure-sensitive and can be used to add rhythmic elements to the music.
Knobs and Faders
Many MIDI keyboards come with knobs and faders that can be used to control various parameters, such as volume, panning, and effects. These controls can be mapped to different functions in music software, allowing for greater control over the sound.
Transport Controls
Transport controls, such as play, stop, and record, are often included on MIDI keyboards. These controls allow for easy recording and playback of music.
USB Connectivity
Most MIDI keyboards have USB connectivity, which allows them to be connected directly to a computer without the need for a MIDI interface. This feature makes it easy to set up and use the keyboard.
Pressure-Sensitive Keys
Some MIDI keyboards have pressure-sensitive keys, which allow for a greater level of expression and control over the music. These keys can be used to add vibrato, pitch bends, and other effects to the music.
Digital Piano Features
Many MIDI keyboards also have digital piano features, such as weighted keys and realistic piano sounds. These features make the keyboard a versatile tool for both music production and performance.
Advanced MIDI Controller Techniques
MIDI controllers are a crucial tool for music production and performance. They offer a wide range of capabilities, including controlling virtual instruments, effects, and transport controls. Advanced MIDI controller techniques can help users take their production process to the next level.
One advanced technique is using MIDI controllers to control EQ and volume faders. This can be done by assigning MIDI CC messages to the faders, allowing for precise control over the mix. Additionally, MIDI controllers can be used to sequence and edit MIDI data, allowing users to create complex arrangements and sequences.
Another advanced technique is using MIDI controllers to control virtual instruments and effects. This allows for more expressive performances and can help users create unique sounds. Many virtual instruments and effects come with NKS integration, which allows for seamless integration with MIDI controllers.
MIDI controllers can also be used to control hardware synthesizers and drum pads. This allows for more tactile control over sound design and performance.
Additionally, MIDI controllers can be used to control recording and editing software, such as Cubase and Ableton Live.
One important consideration when using MIDI controllers is the MIDI signal. It is important to use a high-quality MIDI interface to ensure accurate and reliable communication between the controller and the computer. Additionally, it is important to consider the sound system when using MIDI controllers, as the sound quality can be affected by the quality of the audio interface and speakers.
Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
When using a keyboard as a MIDI controller, there are a few common mistakes that beginners may make. Here are some tips on how to avoid them:
Not Learning the Basics
One of the biggest mistakes beginners make is not taking the time to learn the basics of MIDI. It is important to understand how MIDI works, how to set up your keyboard as a controller, and how to use it with your software or DAW. Without this knowledge, you may find yourself struggling to get the results you want.
To avoid this mistake, take the time to read through the manual for your keyboard and software. There are also many online tutorials and courses available that can help you get up to speed quickly.
Not Composing with Intention
Another mistake beginners make is not composing with intention. It can be tempting to just start playing around with different sounds and settings, but without a clear idea of what you want to achieve, you may end up with a disjointed and unsatisfying result.
To avoid this mistake, start by setting a clear goal for your composition. What kind of mood or atmosphere do you want to create? What kind of instruments or sounds do you want to use? Having a clear idea of what you want to achieve will help guide your creative process and ensure that you end up with a cohesive and satisfying composition.
Overcomplicating Your Setup
Finally, beginners may make the mistake of overcomplicating their setup. While it can be tempting to try to use every feature and setting available, this can lead to confusion and frustration.
To avoid this mistake, start with a simple setup and gradually add features and settings as you become more comfortable with your keyboard and software. Focus on the essentials, such as setting up your keyboard as a controller and learning how to use your software’s basic functions.
Once you have a solid foundation, you can start exploring more advanced features and settings.
Choosing the Right MIDI Controller
When it comes to choosing a MIDI controller, there are a few factors to consider. The right controller for you will depend on your individual needs and preferences. Here are some things to keep in mind when selecting a MIDI controller:
Number of Keys
The number of keys on a MIDI controller is an important factor to consider. If you’re a pianist or keyboard player, you may want a full-size keyboard with 88 keys. However, if you’re a producer or electronic musician, you may be able to get by with a smaller keyboard with 25 or 49 keys.
Key Weight and Action Types
The weight and action of the keys on a MIDI controller can vary widely. Some controllers have weighted hammer action keys that mimic the feel of a traditional piano, while others have semi-weighted or synth action keys that are easier to play quickly. Consider your playing style and preferences when choosing a controller.
Aftertouch
Aftertouch is a feature that allows you to control the sound of a note after it has been played. Some MIDI controllers have aftertouch, while others do not. If you want to be able to add expressive touches to your playing, look for a controller with aftertouch.
Control Options
Many MIDI controllers come with additional control options, such as pads, mod wheels, and transport controls. These can be useful for controlling virtual instruments and other software. Consider what types of controls you’ll need for your production process when choosing a controller.
Connectivity and Compatibility
Make sure the MIDI controller you choose is compatible with your other gear and software. Some controllers require a MIDI interface or USB to MIDI adapter cable, while others can be connected directly to your computer via USB. Also, make sure the controller is compatible with your digital audio workstation (DAW) and any plugins or virtual instruments you plan to use.
Price
Finally, consider your budget when choosing a MIDI controller. Controllers can range from under $100 to several thousand dollars. While a higher price tag may indicate better build quality and sound quality, there are plenty of affordable options that can still get the job done.
Can you use a Keyboard as a MIDI Controller?
You can use a keyboard (the kind you type on) as a MIDI controller, but it’s not as straightforward as using a dedicated MIDI keyboard. Here’s how it generally works:
Software
There are software applications and tools that can convert your computer keyboard keystrokes into MIDI signals. These tools map specific keys on your keyboard to certain MIDI notes or commands. When you press a key on your computer keyboard, the software sends the corresponding MIDI signal to your digital audio workstation (DAW) or software synthesizer.
Limitations
- Range: A typical computer keyboard has fewer keys than a standard MIDI keyboard. This limits the range of notes you can play at one time.
- Velocity Sensitivity: MIDI keyboards often have velocity-sensitive keys, meaning the harder you press a key, the louder the note sounds. A computer keyboard does not have this feature, so every note will have the same volume unless the software provides some workaround.
- Lack of Knobs and Sliders: Dedicated MIDI controllers often come with knobs, sliders, and pads that can be used for various functions, such as adjusting volume, pan, or applying effects. A standard computer keyboard lacks these.
How to Use a Computer Keyboard as a MIDI Controller
- Choose Software: There are several software options available, both free and paid, that allow you to use your computer keyboard as a MIDI controller. Some popular DAWs, like Ableton Live and FL Studio, have built-in features that allow this. There are also standalone tools like “VMPK” (Virtual MIDI Piano Keyboard) that can be used for this purpose.
- Setup: Install the chosen software and configure it according to your needs. This might involve setting which keys correspond to which MIDI notes or commands.
- Connect to a DAW or Synthesizer: Once you have the software set up, you’ll need to route its output to your DAW or a software synthesizer. This can usually be done through virtual MIDI ports or directly within the software if it’s a feature of your DAW.
- Play: Once everything is set up, you can play your computer keyboard like a MIDI keyboard. Pressing keys will send MIDI signals to your DAW or synthesizer, allowing you to play and record music.
Frequently Asked Questions
How to use computer keyboard as MIDI controller in FL Studio?
FL Studio allows users to use their computer keyboard as a MIDI controller. To do this, users need to enable the “Typing keyboard to piano” option in the Options menu. Once this option is enabled, users can use the computer keyboard to play and record MIDI notes in FL Studio.
How to use computer keyboard as MIDI controller in Ableton Live?
Ableton Live also allows users to use their computer keyboard as a MIDI controller. To do this, users need to enable the “Computer MIDI Keyboard” option in the Options menu. Once this option is enabled, users can use the computer keyboard to play and record MIDI notes in Ableton Live.
How to use computer keyboard as MIDI controller in Tracktion Waveform?
To use the computer keyboard as a MIDI controller in Tracktion Waveform, users need to enable the “Computer MIDI Keyboard” option in the Settings menu. Once this option is enabled, users can use the computer keyboard to play and record MIDI notes in Tracktion Waveform.
How to use computer keyboard as MIDI controller in GarageBand?
GarageBand also allows users to use their computer keyboard as a MIDI controller. To do this, users need to enable the “Musical Typing” option in the Window menu. Once this option is enabled, users can use the computer keyboard to play and record MIDI notes in GarageBand.
Can a piano keyboard be used as a MIDI controller?
Yes, a piano keyboard can be used as a MIDI controller. Most modern digital pianos have a MIDI output that can be connected to a computer or other MIDI device. Once connected, users can use the piano keyboard to play and record MIDI notes.
How to use computer keyboard as MIDI controller in Steinberg Cubase?
To use the computer keyboard as a MIDI controller in Steinberg Cubase, users need to enable the “Virtual Keyboard” option in the Devices menu. Once this option is enabled, users can use the computer keyboard to play and record MIDI notes in Cubase.
